Las tecnologías se insertan en la innovación educativa, dando la posibilidad de incorporar herramientas digitales en los abordajes investigativos. En este escenario Scrivener y Evernote sonherramientas digitales para la escritura académica, permiten insertar notas escritas, notas de voz, resúmenes, documentos, imágenes, citas de autores, audios, links, entre otros. La formulación delproblema parte de la necesidad de incrementar investigaciones en todos los niveles educativos de forma fácil y automatizada. El objetivo de este estudio es reflexionar sobre el aporte significativo que poseen (...) las herramientas virtuales en la escritura académica. La metodología empleada está enmarcada dentro del paradigma cualitativo de tipo no experimental y documental, posee un muestreo probabilístico intencional de 57 fuentes documentales primarias que reúnen artículoscientíficos, libros, fuentes oficiales, informes técnicos, autores y organizaciones que respaldan las teorías de las herramientas digitales para sustentar de forma científica el artículo. La conclusiónradica en que las herramientas Scrivener y Evernote generan un aporte significativo al desarrollo de la escritura académica, logrando contribuir al impulso de la publicación de artículos académicos y científicos que, asociados a las tecnologías de la información y comunicación, promueven el desarrollo de este tipo de comunidades investigativas, para lograr una mayor optimización de recursos intelectuales como un desafío para potenciar la cultura académica. (shrink)

Philosophy lacks criteria to evaluate its philosophical theories. To fill this gap, this essay introduces nine criteria to compare worldviews, classified in three broad categories: objective criteria (objective consistency, scientificity, scope), subjective criteria (subjective consistency, personal utility, emotionality), and intersubjective criteria (intersubjective consistency, collective utility, narrativity). The essay first defines what a worldview is and exposes the heuristic used in the quest for criteria. After describing each criterion individually, it shows what happens when each of them is violated. From the (...) criteria, it derives assessment tests to compare and improve different worldviews. These include the is-ought, ought-act, and is-act first-order tests; the critical and dialectical second-order tests; the mixed-questions and first-second-order third-order tests; and the we-I, we-it, and it-I tests. The essay then applies these criteria and tests to a concrete example, comparing the Flying Spaghetti Monster deity with Intelligent Design. For another application, it draws more general fruitful suggestions for the dialogue between science and religion. (shrink)

To begin with -- Genealogy of the cerebral subject -- Disciplines of the neuro -- Cerebralizing distress -- Brains on screen and paper -- Up for grabs.

En este artículo me propongo abordar el problema del tiempo en las sociedades contemporáneas desde un diálogo entre las construcciones teóricas de Moishe Postone y Hartmut Rosa y el trabajo de Michel Foucault. Los dos primeros se han centrado en explicar cómo la temporalidad se ha convertido en un tipo de dominación abstracta, impersonal y cuasiobjetiva a partir de conceptos como la densificación temporal, la aceleración o la hibridación. Foucault, en cambio, concibe el tiempo bajo el prisma de la racionalidad (...) política neoliberal, por la cual el tiempo pasa a ser un recurso que debe gestionarse por los sujetos en términos empresariales y que termina por configurar una ética neoliberal de la administración del tiempo. Este diálogo ejemplifica de manera privilegiada la tensión entre la coacción o la presión temporal y la administración estratégica del tiempo propia de las sociedades contemporáneas. (shrink)

This book explores the future of critique in view of our planetary condition. How are we to intervene in contemporary constellations of finance capitalism, climate change and neoliberalism?

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo describir las estrategias semánticas o representaciones cognitivas que construyen los diarios chilenos El Mercurio y La Cuarta, acerca de la cultura mapuche, a propósito de la cobertura periodística otorgada a la huelga de hambre protagonizada por prisioneros de esta etnia. Para ello, estudiaremos las estrategias discursivas usadas por los diarios mencionados y su correlación con las macroestructuras periodísticas que las reflejan, para finalmente analizar la lexicalización en la configuración de la alteridad mapuche. Se (...) utiliza como metodología el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) -en relación con el cuadrado ideológico (Van Dijk, 1999) y la lexicalización- y el modelo de Velázquez (2011) para el estudio del discurso periodístico en cuanto a la superestructura y la macroestructura de la noticia. Se concluye que los diarios analizados utilizan estrategias semántico-cognitivas etnocéntricas y discriminadoras al dar forma al cuadrado ideológico y su polarización entre los Otros /Nosotros. Abstract: The objective of this paper is to describe the semantic strategies, or cognitive representations, that El Mercurio and La Cuarta, Chilean newspapers, create about mapuche culture, in relation to the press coverage given to the hunger strike organised by prisoners of this ethnic group. For this, the discursive strategies used by the newspapers mentioned before, and the representation of their interrelationship with the macrostructures in journalism, which finally aim to analyze the lexicalization in the configuration of the mapuche otherness, were studied. The methodology consists of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) -in relation to the ideological square (Van Dijk, 1999) and lexicalization- and the Velazquez’ model (2011) for the study of the journalist discourse related to the superstructure and macrostructure of news. As a conclusion, the newspapers analysed use semantic and cognitive strategies to discriminate based on ethnocentrism, giving it a specific ideological square and polarisation between Others and Us. (shrink)

In this article, the author compares two Spanish translations of Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own. Taking into account that Spanish is a language in which words referring to human beings have a feminine and a masculine form, and grammatical gender corresponds to sex, all translators must interrogate the sex of the referent in order to translate gendered words. They are thus compelled to assign sex to genderless forms in the source text. Patriarchal translation has a long tradition of (...) devaluing and excluding the feminine in this process, as the author demonstrates here by revealing how Jorge Luis Borges translated the pronouns you and we in Woolf’s essay. In contrast, in her feminist translation of the essay, María Milagros Rivera-Garretas not only chooses the gender which most accurately represents the likely intended meaning of the source text, but recovers its message and legacy. (shrink)

El estudio de la onomástica femenina de los Banū Marīn de Fez ha adolecido, por lo general, de un análisis profundo y monográfico, a pesar de la gran utilidad de dichos nombres para definir mejor distintos rasgos de la idiosincrasia de esta estirpe. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es cubrir precisamente dicha laguna científica, ofreciendo un análisis tanto filológico como socio-cultural del amplio catálogo de nombres femeninos presentes en el árbol genealógico meriní, desde el rigor científico. Como se intentará (...) demostrar, tales denominaciones constituyen valiosos recursos para reconstruir la diversidad identitaria (étnica, geográfica, prosopográfica, cultural, etc.) no solo de este conjunto de mujeres, sino también de los soberanos con los que se relacionaron en distintas calidades familiares. Igualmente, tales nomenclaturas permiten identificar con una mayor precisión las estrategias de legitimación político-religiosa que esta estirpe diseñó tanto en el plano socio-cultural árabe como en el religioso islámico. (shrink)

Quillagua es un pequeño oasis junto al río Loa. La etnohistoria registra la convivencia de poblaciones indígenas de distinta tradición cultural. Picas tenían derechos territoriales hacia abajo de un poste de madera pintado y cepillado, mientras Atacamas hacia arriba. Estas categorías no eran geográficas sino indicaciones de una organización social dual. Aquí, indagamos en las expresiones materiales y visuales de esta tensa ocupación intercultural. Ponemos atención al registro arqueológico posterior al 900 d. C., época en que los actores desarrollaron numerosos (...) ejercicios político-sociales, mediante la construcción de un paisaje visual. (shrink)

Resumen: El trabajo se centrará en dar cuenta sobre la existencia de un territorio otro, invisibilizado por el logocentrismo y la historiografía tradicional del occidente moderno. Este territorio otro que denominamos territorios discursivos es una realidad que situamos en los discursos territoriales y que, dada su dimensión discursiva, puede ser develada mediante el análisis hermenéutico. Uno de los supuestos en que se basa esta investigación, es que los territorios discursivos actúan como el lugar desde el cual el discurso territorial llega (...) a ser el que es, a indicar una dirección y explicitar un sentido específico, en cualquiera de las formas institucionalizadas por una colectividad pero sin que se tenga plena conciencia o evidencia de éste. Por lo anterior, planteamos que los territorios discursivos se encuentran ligados a la imagen hologramática, condición que proponemos develar desde un trasfondo sociocultural y por medio de la interpretación hermenéutica de los discursos territoriales.: This work focusses on giving an account of the existence of a territory other, made invisible by the logocentrism and the traditional historiography of the modern west. This territory other that we call discursive territories is a reality that we situate in territorial discourses and that, given its discursive dimension, can be revealed through hermeneutical analysis. One of the assumptions on which this research is based, is that the discursive territories act as the place from which the territorial discourse becomes what it is, to indicate a direction and to specify a specific meaning, in any of the forms institutionalized by a collectivity but without full awareness or evidence of it. Therefore, we propose that the discursive territories are linked to the hologram image, a condition that we suggest is revealed from a sociocultural background and through the hermeneutic interpretation of territorial discourses. (shrink)

One of the sectors for which Artificial Intelligence applications have been considered as exceptionally promising is the healthcare sector. As a public-facing sector, the introduction of AI applications has been subject to extended news coverage. This article conducts a quantitative and qualitative data analysis of English news media articles covering AI systems that allow the automation of tasks that so far needed to be done by a medical expert such as a doctor or a nurse thereby redistributing their agency. We (...) investigated in this article one particular framing of AI systems and their agency: the framing that positions AI systems as replacing and outperforming the human medical expert, and in which AI systems are personified and/or addressed as a person. The analysis of our data set consisting of 365 articles written between the years 1980 and 2019 will show that there is a tendency to present AI systems as outperforming human expertise. These findings are important given the central role of news coverage in explaining AI and given the fact that the popular frame of ‘outperforming’ might place AI systems above critique and concern including the Hippocratic oath. Our data also showed that the addressing of an AI system as a person is a trend that has been advanced only recently and is a new development in the public discourse about AI. (shrink)

The first part of this paper proposes a precise definition of what a worldview is, and why there is a necessity to have one. The second part suggests how to construct integrated scientific worldviews. For this attempt, three general scientific approaches are proposed: the general systems theory as the endeavor for a universal language for science, a general problem-solving approach and the idea of evolution, broadly construed. We close with some remarks about limitations of scientific worldviews.

Albert the Great extracts the best contributions of Neo-Platonism and Aristotelism. He examines the Aristotelian doctrine on the desire for truth present in human nature and the science of Metaphysics, which allows for an inkling of the source of such desire, but this desire is examined more in-depth by the Pseudo-Dionysius, being Theology the science that grants more answers and the most universal because it enables for greater perfection, not just intellectual but of the whole person.

Philosophy of action in the context of Classical China is radically different from its counterpart in the contemporary Western philosophical narrative. Classical Chinese philosophers began from the assumption that relations are primary to the constitution of the person, hence acting in the early Chinese context necessarily is interacting and co-acting along with others –human and nonhuman actors. This book is the first monograph dedicated to the exploration and rigorous reconstruction of an extraordinary strategy for efficacious relational action devised by Classical (...) Chinese philosophers in order to account for the interdependent and embedded character of human agency –what the author has denominated “adapting” or “adaptive agency” (yin 因). As opposed to more unilateral approaches to action also conceptualized in the Classical Chinese corpus, such as forceful and prescriptive agency, adapting requires great capacity of self and other-awareness, equanimity, flexibility, creativity, and response, which allows the agent to co-raise courses of action ad-hoc: unique and temporary solutions to specific, non-permanent, and non-generalizable life problems. Adapting is one of the world’s oldest philosophies of action, and yet it is shockingly new for contemporary audiences, who will find in it an unlikely source of inspiration to deal with our current global problems. This book explores the core conception of adapting both on autochthonous terms and by cross-cultural comparison, drawing on the European and Analytic philosophical traditions as well as on scholarship from other disciplines, opening a brand-new topic in Chinese and comparative philosophy. (shrink)

Siguiendo la aproximación de Peacocke a la naturaleza de los conceptos, este artículo presenta una teoría del concepto de primera persona en términos de su condición de posesión. Propongo que tal condición de posesión es cuestión de, necesariamente, estar dispuesto a realizar un juicio de orden superior con el contenido cuando uno tiene un pensamiento consciente con el contenido. Consecuentemente, intento motivar y defender esta concepción respondiendo a supuestos contraejemplos. Adicionalmente, proporciono una teoría de la determinación del valor semántico respecto (...) a cómo esa condición de posesión individúa el concepto de primera persona dando la condición que alguien tiene que satisfacer para ser su referente. Following Peacocke's approach to the nature of concepts, this paper presents a possession condition theory of the first-person concept. I propose that such a possession condition is a matter of, necessarily, one's being disposed to make a higher-order judgement with the content just when one has a conscious thought with the content. Accordingly, I try to motivate and defend this view responding to supposed counterexamples. In addition, I provide a theory of the determination of the semantic value as to how that possession condition individuates the first-person concept by giving the condition that someone has to satisfy in order to be its referent. (shrink)

The Escuela Feminista de Teología de Andalucía [the Andalusian School of Feminist Theology], held a conference titled ‘Feminine Mysticism and Counterculture: A Rebellious Genre’ October 15-17, 2009 at the University of Seville. This annual seminar is held thanks to an agreement between the University of Seville and EFETA, with the direct support of the research group ‘Escritoras y Escrituras,’ whose principal researcher is Mercedes Arriaga. The guest of honour at this year’s conference was Lisa Isherwood, who kindly presented EFETA (...) with the opportunity to publish some of the seminar’s papers in Feminist Theology, and who we here in Spain thank wholeheartedly for her contributions. Before presenting the texts that were selected for this edition, we would like to take this opportunity to explain a little about the EFETA project. (shrink)

AbstractIn this article, I examine the pedagogical practices of La Red de Semillas Libres de Colombia, a grassroots national organization that works towards the construction of seed sovereignty. Using participant observation and interviews, I show the epistemic, territorial, and gender dimensions of these practices. I draw from extant scholarship on seed struggles, decolonial feminism, and feminist political ecology to analyze two specific practices: experimentation and demonstration and, visual technology creation, including drawings. I demonstrate how these practices organize territories through collective (...) epistemic gendered labor around seeds. These territories are spaces for community-based power creation that have the potential to advance agrarian and environmental agendas from below. However, they also reflect and embody the enduring character of patriarchy and the challenges it presents to achieve systemic transformations in the Colombian countryside. (shrink)

The target article “Bounded Justice, Inclusion, and the Hyper/Invisibility of Race in Precision Medicine” is a welcome addition to the corpus on inclusion in genomics and precision medicine (Ferrym...

There is no systematic knowledge about how individuals with Locked-in Syndrome experience their situation. A phenomenology of LIS, in the sense of a description of subjective experience as lived by the ill persons themselves, does not yet exist as an organized endeavor. The present article takes a step in that direction by reviewing various materials and making some suggestions. First-person narratives provide the most important sources, but very few have been discussed. LIS barely appears in bioethics and neuroethics. Research on (...) Quality of Life provides relevant information, one questionnaire study explores the sense of personal continuity in LIS patients, and LIS has been used as a test case of theories in “embodied cognition” and to explore issues in the phenomenology of illness and communication. A systematic phenomenology of LIS would draw on these different areas: while some deal directly with subjective experience, others throw light on its psychological, sociocultural and materials conditions. Such an undertaking can contribute to the improvement of care and QOL, and help inform philosophical questions, such as those concerning the properties that define persons, the conditions of their identity and continuity, or the dynamics of embodiment and intersubjectivity. (shrink)

Since the 19th century, and despite tremendous progress in science, the topic of 'brain and sex' remains a matter of misleading interpretations, far beyond the field of science. The media are not solely responsible for this situation. Some scientific circles still actively promote the ideology of biological determinism in their attempt to explain differences in behaviour and cognitive abilities between men and women. Experimental data from brain imaging studies, cognitive tests or the discovery of new genes are often distorted to (...) serve deterministic ideas. As biotechnologies and genetic engeneering represent today a new economic and lucrative challenge, the question of what is innate and what is acquired is becoming more and more significant, requiring vigilant scrutiny from us all. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Legal certainty is a central requirement for the rule of law. Legal systems should both enable those subject to law to predict human behaviour and institutional reactions and to prevent an arbitrary use of state power against them. The value of legal certainty is usually conceived as a formal value opposed to the values of freedom or equality. The purpose of this paper is to discuss this idea and to explore a less formal conception of the value of legal (...) certainty. In this sense, I will argue that we need to depart from a purely formal understanding of the requirements imposed by such value and to consider the need to provide them with a substantive content. So, legal certainty is not completely independent of legal substantive justice and it implies that it is impossible to define ex ante which concrete aspects of justice should not be the law’s concern. (shrink)

The concept of assisted death includes a heterogeneous variety of practices, whose common denominator is to guarantee citizens their right to participate in decisions related to their own death process, to make it as consistent with their preferences as possible. It’s one of the most controversial and discussed topics in recent decades, both in the academic field and in public opinion. This paper examines the two main justifications for its legalization: to guarantee individual autonomy as in other areas of life, (...) and to avoid unnecessary suffering to the dying. It will be argued that, although both are related and both tie the ethics of care with the autonomy of the subject, the justification for autonomy is stronger and resists better the objections of those opposed to the legalization of this right. (shrink)

After proving, in a purely categorial way, that the inclusion functor $\textrm {In}_{\textbf {Alg}(\varSigma )}$ from $\textbf {Alg}(\varSigma )$, the category of many-sorted $\varSigma $-algebras, to $\textbf {PAlg}(\varSigma )$, the category of many-sorted partial $\varSigma $-algebras, has a left adjoint $\textbf {F}_{\varSigma }$, the (absolutely) free completion functor, we recall, in connection with the functor $\textbf {F}_{\varSigma }$, the generalized recursion theorem of Schmidt, which we will also call the Schmidt construction. Next, we define a category $\textbf {Cmpl}(\varSigma )$, of (...) $\varSigma $-completions, and prove that $\textbf {F}_{\varSigma }$, labelled with its domain category and the unit of the adjunction of which it is a part, is a weakly initial object in it. Following this, we associate to an ordered pair $(\boldsymbol {\alpha },f)$, where $\boldsymbol {\alpha }=(K,\gamma,\alpha )$ is a morphism of $\varSigma $-completions from ${{\mathscr {F}}}=(\textbf {C},F,\eta )$ to $\mathscr {G}= (\textbf {D},G,\rho )$ and $f$ a homomorphism of $\textbf {D}$ from the partial $\varSigma $-algebra $\textbf {A}$ to the partial $\varSigma $-algebra $\textbf {B}$, a homomorphism $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G},0}_{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}(f)\colon \textbf {Sch}_{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}(f)\longrightarrow \textbf {B}$. We then prove that there exists an endofunctor, $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G},0}_{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}$, of $\textbf {Mor}_{\textrm {tw}}(\textbf {D})$, the twisted morphism category of $\textbf {D}$, thus showing the naturalness of the previous construction. Afterwards, we prove that, for every $\varSigma $-completion $\mathscr {G}=(\textbf {D},G,\rho )$, there exists a functor $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G}}$ from the comma category $(\textbf {Cmpl}(\varSigma )\!\downarrow \!\mathscr {G})$ to $\textbf {End}(\textbf {Mor}_{\textrm {tw}}(\textbf {D}))$, the category of endofunctors of $\textbf {Mor}_{\textrm {tw}}(\textbf {D})$, such that $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G},0}$, the object mapping of $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G}}$, sends a morphism of $\varSigma $-completion of $\textbf {Cmpl}(\varSigma )$ with codomain $\mathscr {G}$, to the endofunctor $\varUpsilon ^{\mathscr {G},0}_{\boldsymbol {\alpha }}$. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza la respuesta que el Estado español, como Estado-nación, está dando a la integración del inmigrante como ciudadano. Frente a quienes consideran que la residencia ha de ser la vía de acceso a la ciudadanía ante la crisis del Estado nación y la movilidad geográfica que impone la globalización económica a las personas, aquí se defiende, por el contrario, la relevancia política de la nacionalidad, como parte alícuota individual de pertenencia al poder constituyente, en relación armónica con un (...) concepto flexible de residencia. La investigación está dividida en cinco apartados, en los que se estudia la nacionalidad y el poder constituyente, las vías de acceso a la nacionalidad española, el conflicto Estado o nación, las peculiaridades de la nacionalidad originaria y , finalmente, los criterios que los Estados utilizan para la selección de la inmigración potencial. El recorrido crítico por la legislación española en materia de nacionalidad y ciudadanía acompañado de los debates teóricos al respecto, ha permitido concluir con una propuesta de lege ferenda centrada en una reforma radical en materia de nacionalidad. (shrink)

\ of monadic m-generalized Łukasiewicz algebras of order n -algebras), namely a generalization of monadic n-valued Łukasiewicz algebras. In this article, we determine the congruences and we characterized the subdirectly irreducible \-algebras. From this last result we proved that \ is a discriminator variety and as a consequence we characterized the principal congruences. In the last part of this paper we find an immersion of these algebras in a functional algebra and we proved that in the finite case they are (...) isomorphic. This last result allows to show a new functional representation for monadic n-valued Łukasiewicz algebras. Finally, we define the notions of \-algebra of fractions and maximal algebra of fractions and we prove the existence of a maximal \-algebra of fractions for an \-algebra. (shrink)

The most documented juridical studies about hispanic woman in the late Middle Ages, belong to three specialities: political law, civil or common law (matrimonial), and criminal law. It is in the sphere of matrimonial law where the influence of christian principles has been described as prominent, contributing to the juridical conjugal parity, thus recognizing woman a full civil capability.

El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar por qué la melancolía ocupa un lugar privilegiado en nuestro acervo cultural. Después de más de dos mil quinientos años, sigue despertando un creciente interés como testimonian las diversas muestras dedicadas a esta afección milenaria, la profusión de ensayos o los diversos congresos que han abordado esta temática. En nuestro recorrido analizaremos algunas de las razones que hacen de la melancolía un término rico, ambiguo y complejo, nos remontaremos a la protohistoria del concepto, (...) consideraremos los textos fundacionales que lograron que llegase a ser considerada una característica central de la condición humana y, finalmente, esbozaremos, a partir de los interrogantes que Kristeva plantea a propósito de Lo perecedero, de Freud, la relación entre belleza y melancolía. (shrink)

Alejandro Tiana Ferrer es catedrático de historia de los Sistemas Educativos de la UNED. Ha ocupado entre otros cargos los de director del Centro de Investigación y Documentación Educativa (CIDE), creador y primer director del Instituto Nacional de Evaluación Educativa (INCE), presidente de la Asociación Internacional para la Evaluación del Rendimiento Educativo (IEA) y, hasta hace unos meses, Secretario General de Educación del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, donde ha diseñado y empezado a implementar una nueva ley de educación. Es (...) pues, la persona más adecuada para hablar de evaluaciones internacionales y sistemas educativos. Porque tiene una visión global y rigurosa de la educación en el mundo, una experiencia en primera persona, desde la toma de decisiones, de la realidad del sistema educativo español y un conocimiento profundo, desde dentro de las instituciones, de lo que son las evaluaciones internacionales y cuál es su sentido para mejorar la educación. (shrink)